Reporting the Arts II [2003]

Title: Reporting the Arts II [2003]

CPANDA Identification Number: a00188

Author: Szanto, Andras  (National Arts Journalism Program, Columbia University)

Contributor: Tyndall, Andrew   --  research analyst

Produced By: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive, August 23, 2004, Princeton, NJ: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive

Software used in Production: NetBeans IDE

Funding Agency/Sponsor: Pew Charitable Trusts

Grant Number: 2000-001763

Distributed By: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive, Social Science Reference Center, Princeton University Library, October 06, 2004

Contact Person: CPANDA, Princeton University (cpanda@princeton.edu)

Depositor: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive, Social Science Reference Center, Princeton University Library, March 24, 2004

Series
Reporting the Arts
Reporting the Arts is a content analysis project conducted by the National Arts Journalism Program at Columbia University. The project analyzes arts-and-culture coverage by metropolitan newspapers in ten markets as well as coverage by national daily newspapers.

Version Statement: First CPANDA Edition, CPANDA

APA Citation: National Arts Journalism Program. 2004. REPORTING THE ARTS II [2003] [codebook file]. CPANDA ed. Princeton, NJ: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive [producer and distributor].

Holdings Information: Marked-up codebook for Reporting the Arts II [2003] http://www.cpanda.org

Title: Reporting the Arts II [2003]

CPANDA Identification Number: a00188

Author: Szanto, Andras  (National Arts Journalism Program, Columbia University)

Contributor: Tyndall, Andrew   --  research analyst

Produced By: National Arts Journalism Program, New York: National Arts Journalism Program

Funding Agencies/Sponsors:

• The Pew Charitable Trusts
• John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
• The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
• The Rockefeller Foundation
• Netherlands Foundation for Visual Arts, Design and Architecture
• The Fund for Amateur Art and Performing Art

Distributed By: National Arts Journalism Program, Columbia University,

Contact Person: National Arts Journalism Program, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, 2950 Broadway, Mail Code 7200, New York, NY 10027 (www.najp.org)

Depositor: National Arts Journalism Program, March 24, 2004

Series
Reporting the Arts
Reporting the Arts is a content analysis project conducted by the National Arts Journalism Program at Columbia University. The project analyzes arts-and-culture coverage by metropolitan newspapers in ten markets as well as coverage by national daily newspapers.

APA Citation: National Arts Journalism Program. 2004. REPORTING THE ARTS II [2003] [computer file]. New York: National Arts Journalism Program [producer and distributor].

Keywords

CPANDA

• Media coverage of arts and culture
• Print coverage

ICPSR

• Media coverage
• Newspapers
• Arts
• Artists

Library of Congress Subject Headings

• Arts. Press coverage.
• News media.
• Newspapers. United States.
• Reporters and reporting. United States.

Abstract (CPANDA): Reporting the Arts II [2003], conducted by the National Arts Journalism Program at Columbia University, analyzed the arts-and-culture coverage by three national newspapers and 17 metropolitan daily newspapers in ten markets (weekday editions, plus Saturday and Sunday editions as applicable) during the month of October 2003. Each article was classified according to the following attributes: prominence in the newspaper, byline (staffer, freelancer, syndicated columnist, or newswire), length, focus (local, national, etc.), type of article, and the artistic discipline covered. The data were collected and analyzed by ADT Research. Funding for the study and report was provided by The Pew Charitable Trusts, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The Rockefeller Foundation, Netherlands Foundation for Visual Arts, Design and Architecture, and The Fund for Amateur Art and Performing Art.

Time Period Covered: October 01, 2003 - October 31, 2003

Date of Collection: October 01, 2003 - October 31, 2003

Country: United States

Geographic Coverage: United States

Geographic Unit: metropolitan region

Unit of Analysis: newspaper articles

Universe: articles and listings about arts and culture in metropolitan daily newspapers

Kind of Data: content analysis

Data Collector: National Arts Journalism Program

Sampling Procedure:The selection of newspaper markets was based on several criteria: geography and size, an interest in comparing cities with established arts scenes (Chicago and Philadelphia) to those that are the product of demographic and industrial development in recent decades (San Jose, Charlotte) or that reflect new multicultural patterns (Miami, the Bay Area). Researchers also sought cities traditionally associated with a strong, singular arts presence (such as Cleveland) and ones with a broad range of them; cities where one newspaper dominates the media scene (Houston, Providence) and ones marked by newspaper competition (Denver, Chicago). The purpose of the study was to look at a spread of cities that are more comparable with each other than the "culture capital" New York or the "entertainment capital" Los Angeles. The choice of markets enabled the researchers to analyze one major metropolitan area with overlapping newspaper markets, three big cities with competing daily newspapers, and seven smaller single-newspaper cities. In one market (San Francisco) five titles will be analyzed; in three markets (Chicago, Denver, Philadelphia) two titles will be analyzed; the remaining seven markets have only one metropolitan daily. In addition three national weekday newspapers will be analyzed (and Saturday and Sunday editions where applicable).

Mode of Data Collection: content analysis

Type of Research Instrument: structured

Characteristics of Data Collection Situation: The cities and newspapers scrutinized in this study do not, statistically speaking, amount to an accurate portrayal of American arts journalism. Other clusters of case studies might have yielded somewhat different results. The researchers are confident, though, that the larger picture of transforming newsrooms and communities is accurate for the country as whole today.

Characteristics of Data Collection Situation: The researchers chose to conduct the content analysis during October because it is a busy time for arts coverage. The cities and the papers--which were picked to encompass a wide range of types--add up to an illustrative cross section of communities and news organizations, analyzed at the peak of their annual performance.

Characteristics of Data Collection Situation: Every section of each newspaper was scrutinized for articles and listings on arts and culture. Excluded were stories on culture in the sociological sense: food and drink, religion, philosophy, education, and the humanities. Nonarts media stories were excluded: nonentertainment television, including news, sports, and advertising; magazines; other journalism; spectator sports; consumer fashion; media business; Internet; Web site and online media; technology; consumer electronics; and telecommunications.

Control Operations: To minimize error, each issue of each newspaper was handled by two different coders. The first was assigned the task of locating the arts-and-culture articles and listings; the second revisited the same newspaper as a double check and performed the coding data entry.

Control Operations: Data were entered in a custom-written online interface, which contained built-in error checks to screen for illegal codes and ineligible newspaper sections. A field was designated to flag articles whose inclusion or exclusion was ambiguous, and they were resolved by Andrew Tyndall, the project's research analyst.

Control Operations: The verbal description of each article was checked to make sure that it conformed with its code. For a double check all articles with the same code were grouped and proofread by coders to flag inconsistencies in categorization. Because any coder error in long articles would have a disproportionate effect on the findings, items of outlying length were coded twice.

Methodology (CPANDA) : This study analyzed a total of 8,747 articles and 4,541 listings from 583 separate issues of 20 newspapers during the month of October 2003. The combined total of articles and listings examined in the study is 13,288. National newspapers included in the study were The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and USA Today. Metropolitan newspapers included in the study were the Charlotte Observer, Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago Tribune, Cleveland Plain Dealer, Denver Post, Rocky Mountain News, Houston Chronicle, Miami Herald, Philadelphia Daily News, Philadelphia Inquirer, Portland Oregonian, Providence Journal, Contra Costa Times, Oakland Tribune, San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Examiner, and the San Jose Mercury News. Cities were selected for inclusion in the study based on their geography and size and an interest in comparing cities with and without established arts scenes, broad arts presence, and newspaper competition.

Notes:
Reporting the Arts II coded 7,217 articles on arts-and-culture at 17 metropolitan newspapers and 1,530 articles from three national daily newspapers. Researchers also coded 4,541 arts-and-culture listings from the 20 newspapers studied.

Notes:
The quantitative content analysis at the heart of this study, and especially over-time comparisons, are subject to error. Obtaining, filing, examining, and coding thousands of articles in hundreds of papers amounts to a complicated process rife with opportunities for mistakes. These are compounded when measurements happen at two points in time and are made by different groups of coders. The published report has emphasized only trends that were discernible even when accounting for a double margin of error.

Notes:
The month of October should have resulted in 584 separate issues of the 20 newspapers in the study, however the Oakland Tribune of October 6 was missing. A few issues were delivered with missing sections (33 sections were missing in total). Ten of the missing sections were specialist arts sections. As a consequence, the data are somewhat understated for The Plain Dealer (missing one weekend supplement), The Houston Chronicle (missing one weekend supplement), The Oakland Tribune (missing two weekend supplements and the October 6 daily arts and leisure section), The Oregonian (missing one weeklend supplement and two daily arts and leisure sections), and The Providence Journal (missing one daily arts and leisure section).

Location: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive

Extent of Collection: 1 datafile and machine-readable documentation

Citation Requirement: Users of CPANDA data collections are requested to acknowledge these sources by means of bibliographic citations in the footnotes, endnotes or reference apparatus of publications.

Deposit Requirement: Users of CPANDA data collections are requested to forward citations or copies of publications resulting from analysis of CPANDA data collections to the archive.

Access Conditions (CPANDA): For detailed information about conditions for use of CPANDA data collections, please see the End User Agreement posted on the CPANDA web site.

Quick Fact

• Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive. 2004. "How Has Newspaper Coverage of Arts-and-Culture Changed From 1998 to 2003?" Princeton, NJ: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive.
• Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive. 2004. "What is the Focus of Arts-and-Culture Content in Newspapers?" Princeton, NJ: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive.

Related Data Sets

• National Arts Journalism Program. 2004. REPORTING THE ARTS II: SECTIONS [2003] [computer file]. New York: National Arts Journalism Program [producer and distributor]. View...

File Name: a00188

Overall Case Count: 13288

Overall Variable Count: 17

Logical Record Length: 225

Records per Case: 1

Overall Number of Records:

Type of File: ASCII data file

Data Format: logical record length format

Place of File Production: Princeton, NJ: Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive

Extent of Processing Checks

• The archive produced a codebook for this collection.
• Consistency checks were performed by the archive.
• Frequencies were provided by the archive.
• The archive performed recodes.
• Data were reformatted by the archive.
• Checks for undocumented codes were performed by the archive.

Software used in Production: SPSS

Version Statement: First CPANDA Edition, Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive